Turf toe is a sprain of the main joint at the base of the big toe (the metatarsophalangeal joint). It happens when the toe is bent too far upward (hyperextended), often during sports or activities played on hard surfaces — like artificial turf — which is how it got its name.
Turf toe usually occurs when:
The front of the foot stays on the ground while the heel is lifted (as in running or jumping).
The big toe gets jammed or bent upward suddenly, stretching or tearing the ligaments around the joint.
Treatment depends on the severity of the injury:
Mild (Grade 1): Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), stiff-soled shoe or taping
Moderate (Grade 2): May need a walking boot or turf toe plate to limit motion
Severe (Grade 3): Complete ligament tear; sometimes requires immobilization or even surgery